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  • And
  • Or
  • Not
  • Between
  • Contains
  • endsWith
  • equalTo
  • Exists
  • freeText
  • greaterThan
  • greaterThanOrEqualTo
  • In
  • lessThan
  • lessThanOrEqualTo
  • startsWith
  • distanceWithin

Logical operators

And

This would return any document where first is 1 AND second is 2.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "and": [{
            "field": "first",
            "equalTo": 1
        }, {
            "field": "second",
            "equalTo": 2
        }]
    }]
}

The And operator is the default logical operator and is not required to be specified explicitly.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "field": "first",
        "equalTo": 1
    }, {
        "field": "second",
        "equalTo": 2
    }]
}

Or

The example would return any document where first is 1 OR second is 2.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "or": [{
            "field": "first",
            "equalTo": 1
        }, {
            "field": "second",
            "equalTo": 2
        }]
    }]
}

Not

The not expects an inner operator so in the example any document where first is NOT equal to 7 would be returned.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "not": {
            "field": "first",
            "equalTo": 7
        }
    }]
}

Relational & equality operators

Between

In this example, if our field is between 18 and 45 inclusive it would match.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "field": "age",
        "between": [18, 45]
    }]
}

Contains

This would match on a field called description containing the phrase batman. This operator can also use ? and * wildcards. However, it can be slow to search longer fields and for performance reasons it does not include entries that have more than 8,000 characters in that field. To search efficiently for complete words across the whole field use the freeText operator.

If you carried out a search with the term bat or man or batma, each of the searches would return results for batman as the terms are contained within the word.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "field": "description",
        "contains": "batman"
    }]
}

Multi word

If your description field contained the phrase batman begins, and you carried out a search containing multiple words, results would be returned for batman, batman beg, but not for batman ends.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "field": "description",
        "contains": "batman begins"
    }]
}

endsWith

This would find any item that has a field called wordField with a value ending with ing. Note that for performance reasons this operator does not search entries that have a text field with more than 8,000 characters in that field.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "field": "wordField",
        "endsWith": "ing"
    }]
}

equalTo

This would find any item that has a field called blends with a value exactly matching 5. For string fields, the comparison is case-insensitive. Note that for performance reasons this operator does not search entries that have a text field with more than 8,000 characters in that field.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "field": "blends",
        "equalTo": 5
    }]
}

Exists

In the example any document that has a field called fieldName and would be returned. Documents where fieldName has some content would also be returned.

You can use a value of false if you want documents that do not contain a given field or where the field is empty or null.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "field": "fieldName",
        "exists": true
    }]
}

freeText

In the example the field synopsis is searched upon for all words that match gotham and dark and knight.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "field": "synopsis",
        "freeText": "gotham dark knight"
    }]
}

Operator 'or'

By default freeText matches all words in the search term. If you want results that match one or more words in the search term the operator can be set to "or". Results that match the most number of words in the search term are ranked higher than documents that match fewer words.

JSON
{
   "where":[
      {
         "field":"synopsis",
         "freeText":{
            "term":"gotham dark knight",
            "operator":"or"
         }
      }
   ]
}

Fuzzy

Free text searches can also be made fuzzy, by specifying fuzzy true and passing the search value as term.

JSON
{
   "where":[
      {
         "field":"synopsis",
         "freeText":{
            "term": "gotham dark knight",
            "fuzzy": true
         }
      }
   ]
}

A fuzzy search returns results that contain terms similar to the search term. The similarity is measured by a Levenshtein edit distance.

An edit distance is the number of one-character changes needed to turn one term into another. These changes can include:

  • Changing a character (box → fox)
  • Removing a character (black → lack)
  • Inserting a character (sic → sick)
  • Transposing two adjacent characters (act → cat)

To find similar terms, the fuzzy query creates a set of all possible variations, or expansions, of the search term within a specified edit distance. The query then returns exact matches for each expansion.

We use the preferred auto setting for fuzziness, this means that the edit distance changes dependant on the length of the search terms.

greaterThan

In the example any item that has a field called first and a value that is greater than 7 would be returned.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "field": "first",
        "greaterThan": 7
    }]
}

greaterThanOrEqualTo

In the example any item that has a field called first and a value that is greater than or equal to 7 would be returned.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "field": "first",
        "greaterThanOrEqualTo": 7
    }]
}

In

In the example any document where the field first is equal to 1,7 or 11 would be returned. The values should be of the same type, in this case integer.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "field": "first",
        "in": [1, 7, 11]
    }]
}

lessThan

In the example any item that has a field called first and a value that is less than 7 would be returned.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "field": "first",
        "lessThan": 7
    }]
}

lessThanOrEqualTo

In the example any item that has a field called first and a value that is less than or equal to 7 would be returned.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "field": "first",
        "lessThanOrEqualTo": 7
    }]
}

startsWith

In the example if the name field contains a value starting with war it would match. Note that for performance reasons this operator does not search entries that have a text field with more than 8,000 characters in that field.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "field": "name",
        "startsWith": "war"
    }]
}

distanceWithin

In the example any locations within a 10 mile radius of the specified location would match.

JSON
{
    "where": [{
        "field": "location",
        "distanceWithin": {
            "lat": "52.377",
            "lon": "-2.749",
            "distance": "10mi"
        }
    }]
}

Still need help?

If you still need help after reading this article, don't hesitate to reach out to the Contensis community on Slack or raise a support ticket to get help from our team.
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